Search results for " autonomic nervous system"
showing 10 items of 18 documents
Cardiovascular control and time domain granger causality: Insights from selective autonomic blockade
2013
We studied causal relations among heart period (HP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and respiration (R) according to the definition of Granger causality in the time domain. Autonomic pharmacological challenges were used to alter the complexity of cardiovascular control. Atropine (AT), propranolol and clonidine (CL) were administered to block muscarinic receptors, β-adrenergic receptors and centrally sympathetic outflow, respectively. We found that: (i) at baseline, HP and SAP interacted in a closed loop with a dominant causal direction from HP to SAP; (ii) pharmacological blockades did not alter the bidirectional closed-loop interactions between HP and SAP, but AT reduced the dominance of…
Exploring metrics for the characterization of the cerebral autoregulation during head-up tilt and propofol general anesthesia
2022
Techniques grounded on the simultaneous utilization of Tiecks' second order differential equations and spontaneous variability of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mean cerebral blood flow velocity (MCBFV), recorded from middle cerebral arteries through a transcranial Doppler device, provide a characterization of cerebral autoregulation (CA) via the autoregulation index (ARI). These methods exploit two metrics for comparing the measured MCBFV series with the version predicted by Tiecks' model: normalized mean square prediction error (NMSPE) and normalized correlation rho. The aim of this study is to assess the two metrics for ARI computation in 13 healthy subjects (age: 27 & PLUSMN; 8 yr…
Non respiratory symptoms in asthma as possible predictors of exacerbations
2015
Anxiety 34 37 36 Headache 28 23 26 Abdominal pain 1 3 2 Weakness 13 4 9 Depression 5 0 3 Impaired sleep 4 8 7 Nicturia 7 0 5 Chest pain 11 7 9 Excitement 13 6 10 Nonlocalized pain 4 4 4 Hunger 3 4 3 Lack of appetite 5 5 5 Fever 1 3 2 Nausea 1 5 4 Urticaria 3 0 2 Palpitation 28 23 26 Heartburn 11 7 10 Generalized itching 22 30 25 Non respiratory symptoms in asthma as possible predictors of exacerbations Gennaro Liccardi, MD, Gennaro Baldi, MD, Adriano Berra, MD, Emanuela Carpentieri, MD, Marina Cutajar, MD, Maria D’Amato, MD, Mario Del Donno, MD, Bruno Del Prato, MD, Ilenia Folletti, MD, Federica Gani, MD, Domenico Gargano, MD, Domenico Giannattasio, MD, Michele Giovannini, MD, Antonio Infan…
Self-Reported Long-Term Autonomic Function After Laparoscopic Total Mesometrial Resection for Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: A Multicentric Study.
2017
ObjectivesThis multicentric retrospective study investigates the early and long-term self-reported urinary, bowel, and sexual dysfunctions in early-stage cervical cancer patients who submitted to laparoscopic total mesometrial resection (L-TMMR), total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy, vaginal-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy, and laparoscopic-assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy.MethodsCervical cancer patients, FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage IA2–IB1/IIA1 who submitted to nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy were recruited. Pelvic functions were assessed within 30 days (early outcome) and 12 months after surgery (long-term outcome).ResultsTwo hu…
Association of cardio-pulmonary stress test parameters and heart rate recovery in obese subjects with or without type II diabetes
2016
Background and Objectives: Heart rate recovery at first (HRR-I) and second (HRR-II) minute after exercise is accurate in estimating autonomic nervous system balance, and has been related to risk of cardiovascular events. Our aim was to determine independent predictors of HRR collected during standard cardio-pulmonary stress test (CPT) in a group of overweight/obese subjects without (N=14) and with type 2 diabetes (N=19), as compared to a sample (N=15) of healthy sedentary subjects. Methods: A graded exercise test on treadmill was performed. Oxygen uptake at rest and at peak exercise (VO2max), as well as respiratory exchange ratio at peak exercise was collected. Linear and logistic regressio…
Quantifying multidimensional control mechanisms of cardiovascular dynamics during multiple concurrent stressors
2021
Heartbeat regulation is achieved through different routes originating from central autonomic network sources, as well as peripheral control mechanisms. While previous studies successfully characterized cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms during a single stressor, to the best of our knowledge, a combination of multiple concurrent elicitations leading to the activation of different autonomic regulatory routes has not been investigated yet. Therefore, in this study, we propose a novel modeling framework for the quantification of heartbeat regulatory mechanisms driven by different neural routes. The framework is evaluated using two heartbeat datasets gathered from healthy subjects undergoing p…
The neural feedback loop between the brain and adipose tissues
2009
Communication également publiée dans le livre "Adipose tissue development: from animal models to clinical conditions" (ISBN 978-3-8055-9450-9) de C. Levy-Marchal et L. Pénicaud (eds); There are more and more data supporting the importance of nervous regulation of both white and brown adipose tissue mass. This short paper will review the different physiological parameters which are regulated such as metabolism (lipolysis and thermogeneis), secretory activity (leptin and other adipokines) but also to plasticity of adipose tissues (proliferation differentiation and apoptosis). The sensory innervation of white adipose issue and its putative role will be also described. Altogether these results …
Discrete and effortful imagined movements do not specifically activate the autonomic nervous system.
2009
International audience; BACKGROUND: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is activated in parallel with the motor system during cyclical and effortful imagined actions. However, it is not clear whether the ANS is activated during motor imagery of discrete movements and whether this activation is specific to the movement being imagined. Here, we explored these topics by studying the baroreflex control of the cardiovascular system. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded in ten subjects who executed or imagined trunk or leg movements against gravity. Trunk and leg movements result in different physiological reactions (orthostatic hypotension phenomenon) whe…
Understanding Cannabinoid Psychoactivity with Mouse Genetic Models
2007
Marijuana and its main psychotropic ingredient Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exert a plethora of psychoactive effects through the activation of the neuronal cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), which is expressed by different neuronal subpopulations in the central nervous system. The exact neuroanatomical substrates underlying each effect of THC are, however, not known. We tested locomotor, hypothermic, analgesic, and cataleptic effects of THC in conditional knockout mouse lines, which lack the expression of CB1 in different neuronal subpopulations, including principal brain neurons, GABAergic neurons (those that release γ aminobutyric acid), cortical glutamatergic neurons, and neurons expres…
Cognitive functioning in orthostatic hypotension due to pure autonomic failure.
2004
Psychophysiological science proposes close interactions between cognitive processes and autonomic responses, yet the consequences of autonomic failure on cognitive functioning have not been documented. This pilot study investigates, for the first time, the cognitive profile of 14 patients with Pure Autonomic Failure (PAF). Each patient was administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging investigation. A number of patients (n = 6) presented with cognitive impairment. The two most frequent types of impairment were: deficits of speed and attention, and executive functioning. Impairments of free recall memory, intellectual functioning, nominal and calculation f…